Monas National Monument stands - Menomen is located right in the city center of Jakarta. Monas is a monument pride of Indonesia, besides Monas also become a center of tourist and educational center of interest for the citizens of both the dijakarta Indonesa and outside Jakarta. The development objective Monas monument is to commemorate and perpetuate greatness Indonesian Nation struggle known as the Revolution of August 17, 1945, and also as a vehicle to raise the spirit of patriotism current and future generations.
Monas was built in August 1959. The entire building was designed by the architect Monas Indonesia is Soedarsono, Frederich Silaban and Ir. Rooseno. On August 17, 1961, the monument was unveiled by President Soekarno. And was opened to the public since July 12, 1975.
Monas has its own characteristics, because the architecture and dimensions symbolize figurative specificity Indonesia. The most prominent form is the towering monument and the court of the cup spacious flat. The top of the monument there is a fire burning as unflagging, symbolizing exemplary spirit of the Indonesian people who never subsided fight of all time.
The shape and layout of a very interesting monument allows visitors can enjoy the beautiful scenery and charming cool, in the form of a garden where there are trees of various provinces in Indonesia. Fountain right in the entrance hall to make the park become cooler, coupled with the charm of fountains sway.
Near the entrance to the court was also apparent magnificent monument stands a statue of Prince Diponegoro who was riding a horse. The statue is made of bronze weighing 8 tons were carried by Italian sculptor, Prof. Coberlato as a donation by the Consulate General Honores, Dr. Mario in Indonesia.
Development ideas Monas
The original idea of the construction of monument comes after nine years of independence was proclaimed. A few days after the anniversary peringatah 9 RI, formed the National Monument Committee in charge of seeking the establishment of Monas. This committee is led Sarwoko Martokusumo, S Suhud as author, Sumali Prawirosudirdjo as treasurer and assisted by four members each Supeno, KK Wiloto, EF Wenas, and Sudiro.
The committee that was formed was tasked to prepare everything related to the construction of the monument will be erected in the middle of the field Merdeka, Jakarta. Including collecting construction costs that must be collected from non-government itself.
After that, the construction of the monument committee was formed called "Tim Yuri" chaired President Ir Soekarno. Through these teams, a contest is held twice. The first contest was held on February 17, 1955, and the second competition was held May 10, 1960 with the hope of producing work of the highest culture and describe the heart and symbolize nobility of Indonesian culture.
With the contest, expected to form the monument that was built really can show the personality of the Indonesian nation The three-dimensional, not flat, monument towering into the sky, made of concrete and iron, and marble are earthquake resistant, resistant criticism era at least a thousand years and can produce a cultural work that raises the spirit of heroism.
By Tim Yuri, a message of hope was used as an assessment criterion then broken down into five criteria include the need to comply with the so-called National, describes the personality dynamics and contain Indonesia and reflects the ideals of the nation, symbolizing and describes the "blazing fire" in the chest Indonesian nation, describing the actual move though composed of inanimate objects, and the monument to be built from objects that do not rapidly change and lasting centuries.
However, twice the contest was held, there is no design that meets all the criteria set by the committee. Finally, the chairman Yuri Tim pointed out several renowned architects that Soedarsono and Ir F Silaban to draw plans Monas monument. Both architects were agreed to make their own picture which then submitted to the head of Tim Yuri (the President), and the chairman of the select images created Soedarsono.
In design, the proposed Soedarsono premise accommodate the desires of the committee. Rationale include national criteria. Soedarsono take some elements while the Proclamation of Independence which embody the national revolution as far as possible apply them to the architectural dimension is the number 17, 8, and 45 as a sacred number Independence Day.
Shape towering monument contains the philosophy of "Lingga and Yoni" which resembles "Alu" as "phallus" and the shape of the container (cup-red) in the form of the room resembles a "Mortar" as "Yoni". Mortar and pestle are two important tools that each family in Indonesia, especially rural people. Lingga and Yoni is a symbol of antiquity depicting the eternal life, is a positive element (phallus) and negative elements (yoni) as the day and night, male and female, good and bad, is the eternity of the world.
Lines form around the monument's architecture embodies the lines that move is not monotonous uneven, curving climb, jump, evenly again, and climbed the towering, finally menggelombang in top shape flame burning. Agency towering monument with a flame on top symbolizes and illustrates the zeal and unflagging in the chest Indonesia.
Monas Development Process
Monas monument construction is carried out through three stages, namely the first stage (1961-1965), the second (1966-1968), and the third phase (1969-1976). In the first phase of implementation of the work under the supervision of the National Committee for Monuments and costs used is sourced from public donations.
The second stage of work was done under the supervision of the committee monument. However, the cost of construction comes from the Central Government Budget State Secretary RI cq. In this second phase, the construction experienced a decline, due to limited funds.
The third stage of implementation of the work under the supervision of the Committee of Trustees of the National Monument, and costs used is sourced from the Central Government through the Directorate General of Budget through Repelita using Form Project (DIP).
Space History Museum
Space history museum located three meters below the surface of the monument page has a size of 80x80 meters. The walls and floor in the room it was all covered with marble. In the room, the visitor is presented with a window 51 demonstration (diorama) that perpetuate the history since the days of the life of the ancestors of Indonesia, the struggle for the independence and sovereignty of Indonesia until the era of development in the new order. Similarly in this room, visitors can also hear the voice recording Bung Karno when reading the proclamation.
Independence space
While in space independence shaped amphitheater located in the cup monument, there are four attributes of independence includes islands maps RI, State Emblem of Unity in Diversity, and the entrance gate which contains the text of the Proclamation of Independence.
The top court monument is situated at an altitude of 115 meters from the monument page has a size of 11x11 meters, visitors can reach the court by using the elevator (lift-red) single capacity of about 11 people.
In the courtyard that can accommodate about 50 people were also provided four binoculars in every corner, where visitors can see the sights of the city of Jakarta from a height of 132 meters from Monas monument page.
Flames made of bronze weighing 14.5 tons with a height of 14 meters and a diameter of 6 meters, consists of 77 sections joined together. The whole plate is coated flame gold weighing 35 kilograms, and then on the 50th Anniversary of RI, gold lining flames increased to 50 kilograms.
